1. Research on Optical Devices with Nanostructure
(1) Threshold-less Cherenkov Radiation
Discovered and verified that Cherenkov radiation (CR) could be excited in multilayer hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) no matter how slow the electrons moves (namely threshold-less CR). Threshold-less CR was observed by extracting the free electrons from Mo tip with nano scale and having the electrons flied a distance of 200 micron above and parallel to the surface of HMM with the height of only 40nm. The wavelength of CR covers 500~900nm and the electron energy is only 250~1400eV, which is two to three orders of magnitude lower than previous reports. The measured output light power reaches 200nW which is two orders of magnitude higher than free electron light source by using other nanostructures (Nature Photonics, 11, 289, 2017).
Nature Photonics published a commentary saying this achievment is to “open exciting new avenues in nanotechnologies, and it is easy to imagine that it will find applications in the context of particle detection, nanoscale light sources, or biomedicine”.(Nature Photonics, 11, news & views, 2017)
This achievement was selected as one of the “Ten major developments in China's optics in 2017”.
(2) Photonic Crystal
Proposed and realized a optical switch based on W2 photonic crystal slow light waveguide and realized broadband (24 nm) operation with an ultra-compact (8μm×17μm) footprint. The extinction ratio of as high as 15 dB was obtained over the entire bandwidth (Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 151110, 2012), which is the widest bandwidth and smallest footprint for an optical switch reported up to now. Such small-foot print optical switches operating at a record bandwidth can potentially dramatically reduce the sizes and improve the overall performance of the future information systems such as supercomputers and interconnects at data centers.
Developed the technology for high-aspect-ratio dry etching with high-quality for ultra-small feature patterns in InGaAsP substrate to realize photonic crystal structure with III-V active material. The etch depth up to 3.5 μm and 1.8 μm was achieved for the holes with diameter of 200 nm and slots with width of 40 nm, respectively. The latter corresponds to an aspect-ratio as high as 45 (AIP Advances 3, 022122, 2013). This result surpasses the previous highest aspect-ratio of 38, which has been reported by British research group in “J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 2004,22: 1788” and maintained for nearly 10 years.
(3) One-shot ultraspectral imaging
Proposed and demonstrated a one-shot ultraspectral imaging device fitting thousands of micro-spectrometers (6336 pixels) on a chip no larger than 0.5 cm2. Exotic light modulation is achieved by using a unique reconfigurable metasurface supercell with 158400 metasurface units, which enables 6336 micro-spectrometers with dynamic image-adaptive performances to simultaneously guarantee the density of spectral pixels and the quality of spectral reconstruction. Additionally, by constructing a new algorithm based on compressive sensing, the snapshot device can reconstruct ultraspectral imaging information (Δλ/λ~0.001) covering a broad (300-nm-wide) visible spectrum with an ultra-high center-wavelength accuracy of 0.04-nm standard deviation and spectral resolution of 0.8 nm. This scheme of reconfigurable metasurfaces makes the device can be directly extended to almost any commercial camera or video camera with different spectral bands to seamlessly switch the information between image and spectral image, and will open up a new space for the application of spectral analysis combining with image recognition and intellisense.
(4) Optomechanical Crystal
Proposed and demonstrated nanobeam cavities based on hetero optomechanical crystals. With optical and mechanical modes separately confined by two types of periodic structures, the optical field and the strain field are concentrated in the optomechanical cavity and resemble each other with an enhanced overlap. As a result, The mechanical mode as high as 5.66 GHz is measured, which is highest mechanical frequency demonstrated in one-dimensional structure (Scientific Reports, 5, 15964, 2015).
(5) Surface Plasmon Polariton
Proposed and verified two-surface-plasmon-absorption (TSPA) effect by carefully designing the experiment to exclude the possibility of two-photon-absorption TPA. The lithography based on TSPA has been demonstrated where the resist strips with resolution of ~1/11 of the exposure wavelength was achieved. (Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 063113, 2013)
Developped a long range SPP waveguide with very low transmission loss of 0.67dB/mm. Proposed and realized a novel hybrid coupler, which consists of a dielectric waveguide and a SPP waveguide. The coupling efficiency is as high as 99% (Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 141101, 2007 and Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 091104, 2009). Based on this hybrid coupler, a TM/TE polarization splitter with pure TM mode output and integrated sensors for nm-thick single molecule layer detecting were demonstrated. (Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 111108, 2012, and Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 061109, 2013). Also, the nominee carried out an investigation on improving the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells by introducing core-shell Au@PVP nanoparticles based on the localized surface plasmon effect. It was observed that the PCE has been enhanced by 32% from 5.94% to 7.85%. (Scientific Reports, 3, 2112, 2013)
2. Research on Optical Devices for Optical Fiber Communication
(1) Proposed and developed a new type 1.55um lambda/8 phase-shifted DFB-LDs for 2.5-Gb/s directly modulated isolator-free uncooled optical transponders. Demonstrated their low chirp and strong feedback resistance characteristics. Isolator-free 2.5-Gb/s direct modulation transmission over 140-km NDSF with -20 dB external optical feedback was realized. The power penalty was as low as 1.7 dB at the bit error rate (BER) of 10E-10. Further potential for low chirp characteristics was also demonstrated by error-free 200-km transmission without optical feedback. (IEEE J. Quantum Electron. vol. 35, pp.1479-1484, 2002)
(2) Developed and implemented a novel design method for external optical feedback resistant DFB-LDs based on a dynamic transient analysis. Optimized the grating structure in partially-corrugated-waveguide laser diodes (PC-LDs), fabricated and measured these devices. With the external optical feedback of -20dB, the relative intensity noise (RIN) in 70% PC-LDs was suppressed to lower than -120dB/Hz, and the minimum RIN was as low as -126dB/Hz. (Electron. Lett., vol. 32, pp.1008-1009, 1996).
(3) Developed an improved the theory on the gain characteristics in strained QWs and discovered the advantages of tensile-strained QWs for semiconductor laser diodes. Based on this theory, designed and fabricated laser diodes with low threshold current density (217A/cm2 for a device cavity of 2mm), as well as optical amplifier with high output power (20.4dBm) with tapered-waveguide and tensile-strained QW structure. (IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 2950-2956, 1993, IEEE Photo. Tech. Lett., vol.5, no.2, pp.142-145, 1993, and IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 2034-2039, 1994)
Publications:
Authored/co-authored more than 300 journal and conference papers.
More than thousands of citations and Hirsch factor is 24.
Patents:
60 patents.
(8 USA patents, 1 European patent, 13 Japaness patents, and 38 Chinese patents.)
Representative Papers:
Optical Devices with Nanostructure:
[1] Xuesi Zhao, Xue Feng, Fang Liu, Kaiyu Cui, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang, “A Compound Phase-Modulated Beam Splitter to Distinguish Both Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum”, ACS Photonics, 2020, 7(1), 212-220, 2020.
[2] Yu Ye, Fang Liu, Mengxuan Wang, Lixuan Tai, Kaiyu Cui, Xue Feng, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang “Deep-ultraviolet Smith–Purcell radiation,” Optica, 6, 592 -597, 2019.
[3] Fei Pan, Kaiyu Cui, Guoren Bai, Xue Feng, Fang Liu, Wei Zhang and Yidong Huang, “Radiation-pressure-antidamping enhanced optomechanical spring sensing”, ACS Photonics, 2018.
[4] Fang Liu, Long Xiao, Yu Ye, Mengxuan Wang, Kaiyu Cui, Xue Feng, Wei Zhang, Yidong Huang*, “Integrated Cherenkov Radiation Emitter Eliminating the Electron Velocity Threshold,” Nature Photonics, 11, 289, 2017.
[5] Peng Zhao, Shikang Li, Yu Wang, Xue Feng, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang, “Identifying the tilt angle and correcting the orbital angular momentum spectrum dispersion of misaligned light beam“, Scientific Reports 7, 7873, 2017.
[6] Yu Wang, Václav Poto？ek, Stephen M. Barnett, and Xue Feng, “Programmable holographic technique for implementing unitary and nonunitary transformations”, Phys. Rev. A 95 (3), 33827, 2017.
[7] Peng Zhao, Shikang Li, Xue Feng, Kaiyu Cui, Fang Liu, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang, “Measuring the complex orbital angular momentum spectrum of light with mode matching method”, Optics Letters, 42(6), 1080-1083, 2017.
[8] Shuai Dong, Xin Yao, Wei Zhang, Sijing Chen, Weijun Zhang, Lixing You, Zhen Wang, and Yidong Huang, “True Single-Photon Stimulated Four-Wave Mixing”, ACS Photonics, 4(4),746-753, 2017.
[9] Yu Wang, Peng Zhao, Xue Feng, Yuntao Xu, Fang Liu, Kaiyu Cui, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang, “Dynamically sculpturing plasmonic vortices: from integer to fractional orbital angular momentum”, Scientific Reports 6, 36269, 2016.
[10] Shuai Dong, Wei Zhang, Yidong Huang, and Jiangde Peng, “Long-distance temporal quantum ghost imaging over optical fibers”, Scientific Reports, 6,26022, 2016.
[11] Zhilei Huang, Kaiyu Cui, Yongzhuo Li, Xue Feng, Fang Liu, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang, “Strong Optomechanical Coupling in Nanobeam Cavities based on Hetero Optomechanical Crystals”, Scientific Reports, 5, 15964, 2015.
[12] Yunxiang Li, Fang Liu, Yu Ye, Weisi Meng, Kaiyu Cui, Xue Feng, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang, “Two-surface-plasmon-polariton-absorption based lithography using 400 nm femtosecond laser,” Applied Physics Letters, 104(8), 081115, 2014.
[13] Yunxiang Li, Fang Liu, Long Xiao, Kaiyu Cui, Xue Feng, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang, “Two-surface-plasmon-polariton-absorption based nanolithography,” Applied Physics Letters, 102(6), 063113, 2013.
[14] Boyu Fan, Fang Liu, Xiaoyan Wang, Yunxiang Li, Kaiyu Cui, Xue Feng, and Yidong Huang, “Integrated sensor for ultra-thin layer sensing based on hybrid coupler with short-range surface plasmon polariton and dielectric waveguide,” Applied Physics Letters, 102(6), 061109, 2013.
[15] Qi Xu, Fang Liu, Yuxiang Li, Kaiyu Cui, Xue Feng, Wei Zhang, and Yidong Huang, “Broadband light absorption enhancement in dye-sensitized solar cells with Au-Ag alloy popcorn nanoparticles,” Scientific Reports, 3, 2112, 2013.
[16] Kaiyu Cui, Xue Feng, Yidong Huang, Qiang Zhao, Zhilei Huang, and Wei Zhang, “Broadband switching functionality based on defect mode coupling in W2 photonic crystal waveguide,” Applied Physics Letters, 101(15), 151110, 2012.
[17] Di Qu, Fang Liu, Jiafan Yu, Wanlu Xie, Qi Xu, Xiangdong Li, and Yidong Huang, “Plasmonic core-shell gold nanoparticle enhanced optical absorption inphotovoltaic devices,” Applied Physics Letters, 98(11), 113119, 2011.
[18] Ruiyuan Wan, Fang Liu, and Yidong Huang, “Ultrathin layer sensing based on hybrid coupler with short-range surface plasmon polariton and dielectric waveguide,” Optics Letters, 35(2), 244-246, 2010.
[19] Fang Liu, Yidong Huang, Dai Ohnishi, Wei Zhang, and Jiangde Peng, “Hybrid three-arm coupler with long range surface plasmon polariton and dielectric waveguides,” Applied Physics Letters, 90(24), 241120, 2007.
Optical Devices for Optical Fiber Communication：
[20] Y.Huang, K. Sato, T. Okuda, N. Suzuki, S. Ae, Y. Muroya, K. Mori, T. Sasaki, and K. Kobayashi, "Low-chirp and external optical feedback resistant characteristics in ？/8 phase-shifted DFB-LDs under direct modulation", IEEE J. Quantum Electron. vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 1479-1484, 2002.
[21] Y. Huang, T. Okuda, K. Sato, Y. Muroya, T. Sasaki, and K. Kobayashi, "Isolator-free 2.5-Gb/s, 80-km transmission by directly modulated ？/8 phase-shifted DFB-LDs under negative feedback effect of mirror loss", IEEE Photo. Tech. Lett., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 245-247, 2001.
[22] Y. Huang, T. Okuda, K. Shiba, Y. Muroya, N. Suzuki, and K. Kobayashi, "External optical feedback resistant 2.5-Gb/s transmission of partially corrugated waveguide laser diodes over a -40 to 80 C temperature range", IEEE Photo. Tech. Lett., vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 1482-1484, 1999.
[23] Y. Huang, T. Okuda, K. Shiba, and T. Torikai, "High-yield external optical feedback resistant partially-corrugated-waveguide laser diodes", IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 435-441, 1999.
[24] Y. Huang, H. Yamada, T. Okuda, T. Torikai, and T. Uji, "External optical feedback resistant characteristics in partially-corrugated-waveguide laser diodes", Electron. Lett., vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 1008-1009, 1996.
[25] Y. Huang, K. Komori, K. Komori, and S. Arai, "Saturation characteristics of Ga1-xInxAs/GaInAsP/ InP tensile-strained QW semiconductor laser amplifiers with tapered waveguide structures", IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 2034-2039, 1994.
[26] Y. Huang, K. Komori, and S. Arai, "Reduction of noise figure in semiconductor laser amplifiers with Ga1-xInxAs/GaInAsP/InP strained quantum well structure", IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 2950-2956, 1993.
[27] Y. Huang, S. Arai, and K. Komori, "Theoretical linewidth enhancement factor of Ga1-xInxAs/ GaInAsP/InP strained quantum well structures", IEEE Photo. Tech. Lett., vol.5, no.2, pp.142-145, 1993.
